Limba engleză – curs începători

2. REGULI DE FORMARE (FORMATION RULES)- TIMPURILE (TENSES)

1. Prezentul simplu (Present simple) – obiceiuri, acțiuni generale

Afirmativ (Positive): I/You/We/They read He/She/It/ reads

(to read [ri:d] / [riid] = a citi)

Negative: You don’t read He doesn’t read

Interogativ: (Questions): Do you read…..? Does he read….?

2. Prezentul continuu (Present continuous): - acțiuni care au loc la momentul vorbirii

Afirmativ (Positive): I am reading. You/We/They are reading.

He/She/It is reading.

Negative: I am not reading. You aren’t reading.

She isn’t reading.

Question: Am I reading? Are you reading?

Is she reading?

3. Prezentul perfect (Present perfect): - acțiuni din trecutul apropiat, cu consecințe vizibile în prezent

Afirmativ (Positive): I/You/We/they have written. He/she/it has written.

(to write = a scrie)

Negative (Questions): They haven’t written. He hasn’t written.

Interogativ: Have they written? Has he written?

4. Past (Trecut) Simple: acțiune desfășurată în trecut, cu mărci ale trecutului, ca “ieri”, “anul trecut”, etc.

1. 1. 1. Regulat (Regular):

positive: I/You/He/She/It/We/They stopped. negative: You didn’t stop. interogative: Did you stop?

1. 1. 2. Neregulat (Irregular): positive: I/You/He/She/It/We/They wrote. (to

write – wrote- written)

negative: You didn’t write. interogativ: Did you write?

5. Past (Trecut) continuu (Past Continuous): acțiune trecută ce se desfășoară în timpul altei acțiuni trecute)

(Afirmative) Positive: I/He/She/It was writing.	You/We/They/ were writing.
Negativ: You weren’t writing.	She wasn’t writing.
Interogativ: Were you writing?	Wasshe writing?

Exercițiu: Treceți verbele date la infinitiv la timpurile cerute în paranteză.

1. 1. I ………….. (to read – prezent simplu).
   2. You………. .(to go – prezent continuu)
   3. He …………. (to write – prezentul perfect)
   4. We……………… (to watch TV – past tense simplu)
   5. They………….. (to speak – past tense continuu)

3. VORBIREA INDIRECTĂ (REPORTED SPEECH)

Direct Reported

‘I never eat vegetables’ He said (that) he never ate vegetables.

(Nu mănânc niciodată legume) (El a spus că nu mănâncă niciodată legume)

‘I’m reading’. She said (that) she was reading.

‘I’ll write to you soon.” He said (that) he would write to you soon.

‘I’ve read it.’ She said (that) she had read it.

‘I took it.’ She said (that) she had taken it.

‘I was reading.’ She said (that) she had been reading.

Exercițiu: Treceți propozițiile următoare la vorbirea indirectă:

1. ‘I’m writing’ …………………….
2. ‘I’ll talk to you soon’ …………………….
3. ‘I’ve seen it’ ………………………
4. ‘I ate it’ ……………………..
5. ‘I was laughing’. ……………………….